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Cr YAG Q Switch Crystals

Description

Cr⁴⁺:Y₃Al₅O₁₂, the so called Cr⁴⁺:YAG, can be used as working medium of 1350~1600nm lasers and 900~1200nm passive Q-switching lasers. Cr⁴⁺:YAG provides a large absorption cross section in the 900~1200 nm spectral region with an absorption center near 1064 nm, which is well suitable for diode or lamp pumped Nd:YAG, Nd:YLF, Nd:YVO4, Yb:YAG lasers. Typically, Cr⁴⁺:YAG can be grown by Czochralski method. A small proportion of Cr³⁺ are induced to increase valence to Cr⁴⁺ by introducing charge compensation impurities Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺. In recent years, Cr⁴⁺:YAG is taking the place of traditional crystal materials such as LiF and Dye owning a variety of prominent features, including merits of good chemical stability&thermal conductivity, UV resistant, and high damage threshold and easily to be operated.

Cr:YAG is one of several laser crystals in which near infrared laser action results from the presence of tetravalent chromium ions in a suitable host. In addition to the favorable thermal, mechanical and optical qualities of YAG, the most attractive feature of Cr:YAG is a broad emission band centered near 1440 nm, and extending from approximately 1100 to 1600 nm. Its absorption spectrum consists of three bands centered at 480, 640, and 1000 nm with long pump wavelength band at wavelengths between 810 and 1080 nm. The spectral properties of this material have led to widespread use of Cr:YAG as a passive Q-switch in Nd³⁺-based lasers. Such a broad gain bandwidth also offered the possibility of ultrashort pulse generation. Mode-locked Cr:YAG lasers have used to provide ~THz frequency comb that spanned a large number of acetylene overtone transitions.

Absorption Spectrum of Cr⁴⁺:YAG crystal

Features

•  Large absorption cross section in the 0.9~1.2 micrometer spectral region

•  High damage threshold, good thermal conductivity, good chemical stability

•  No high voltage power supply needed

•  Compact diffusion bonding available

•  Higher reliability & longer lifetime   

•  Lower cost OEM components

Applications

•  Passive Q-switch for Nd:YAG Lasers

•  Passive Q-switch for Yb:YAG Lasers

•  Passive Q-switch for NdYVO4 Lasers

•  Injection seeding of OPOs

•  Mode-locked lasers

•  Optical Coherence Tomography   

•  Pumping erbium-doped lasers and amplifiers

Chemical and physical properties

Property	Value
Chemical formula	Cr4+:Y3Al5O12
Crystal structure	cubic - la3d
Lattice parameters, Å	12.01
Orientation	[100] or [110] < ±0.5°
Mass density	4.56 g/cm3
Mohs hardness	8.5
Young's modulus	335 GPa
Tensile strength	2 GPa
Melting point	1970°C
Thermal conductivity	0.1213
Specific Heat/ (J·g-1·K-1)	0.59
Thermal Expansion /(10-6/°C@25°C )	7.8 <111> 7.7 <110> 8.2 <100>
Thermal shock resistance parameter	800 W/m
Extinction Ratio	25dB
Poisson Ratio	0.25
Refractive Index @1064 nm	1.83
Charge compensating ion	Ca2+, Mg2+

Optical properties

Property	Value
Optical Density	0.1 to 0.8
Fluorescence lifetime	3.4µs
Concentrations	0.5 mol % ~ 3 mol %
Emission wavelength	1350 nm ~ 1600 nm
Absorption Coefficient	1.0 cm-1 ~ 7 cm-1
Ground state absorption cross section	4.3x10-18 cm2
Emission state absorption cross section:	8.2x10-19 cm2
Transmission	10% to 90%
Coatings	AR= 0.2% @1064nm
Damage Threshold:	> 500 MW / cm2

Polishing Specification

Property	Value
Orientation Tolerance	< 0.5°
Thickness/Diameter Tolerance	±0.05 mm
Surface Flatness	<?/8@632 nm
Wavefront Distortion	<?/4@632 nm
Surface Quality	10/5
Parallel	10?
Perpendicular	5´
Clear Aperture	>90%
Chammfer	<0.1×45°
Maximum dimensions	2*2-15*15 mm×20mm

Standard products

Initial transmission @1064nm	Dimensions,mm	Coatings	Surface   Flatness	Surface Quality (scratch/dig)
T0=30%	dia 5	AR=0.2% @1064nm	<?/8@632 nm	10/5
	3x3
	5x5
T0=40%	dia 5
	3x3
	5x5
T0=50%	dia 5
	3x3
	5x5
T0=60%	dia 5
	3x3
	5x5
T0=70%	dia 5
	3x3
	5x5
T0=80%	dia 5
	3x3
	5x5
T0=85%	dia 5
	3x3
	5x5
T0=90%	dia 5
	3x3
	5x5
T0=95%	dia 5
	3x3
	5x5
T0=97%	dia 5
	3x3
	5x5